DIRECT
AND INDIRECT
(KALIMAT
LANGSUNG & TIDAK LANGSUNG)
Kalimat
langsung biasanya dipergunakan dalam percakapan atau dialog antar subjek pembicara.
Sebaliknya, kalimat tidak langsung merupakan laporan dari kalimat langsung yang
dibicarakan oleh para subjek.
Ada 3
tipe kalimat :
1. Command/imperative (kalimat perintah)
Command
is someone ask you to do something.
(+)
positive command in the indirect you’ve add TO
(-)negative
command in the indirect you’ve add NOT TO
Examples
:
∙
Direct : (+) “Give me your
candy”she asked me
Indirect : she asked me to give her my candy
∙
Direct : (-) she ordered me
“Don’t be lazy!”
Indirect
: she ordered me not to be lazy
2. Statement (pernyataan)
Direct
Indirect
Present Tense
Past Tense
Present Perfect Tense Past
Perfect Tense
Past Tense
Past
Perfect Tense
Present Continous
Past Continous
_________________________________________________________________________
Direct
Indirect
∙
Modal
Present
Modal Past
Can, may,
have to, shall, will
S + could/might/had to/should/would
Ex : mira
said “I can speak English well” ex :
mira said that I could speak English well
∙
Modal Past
| Modal past perfect
Ex : he
said I would go home
| S + modal + have + v3
Ex: he said that he would have gone home
-Kata ganti
:
Direct
Indirect
I
He / She
My
His / Her
Mine
His / Hers
Me
Him / Her
You(subject)
I/He/She/Me/Him/Her/Them
You(object)
Me
Your
My
Yours
Mine
We
They
Our
Their
Ours
Theirs
Us
Them
-Adverb Of Time :
Direct
Indirect
Now At that time / Then
Today At that day
Tonight At that night
Tomorrow The next day
/ The day after
Next week The week
after / The following week
Last week The week
before / The previous week
Yesterday The day
before
2 days ago The days
before
Here There
This That
These Those
Last year The year before
Last night The night before
3. Question (pertanyaan)
-
Pertanyaan dengan kata kerja bantu , ditambah
IF/Whether ( Do, does, did, is, am, are, was, were, shall, will, can, must,
may)
∙
Is / am / are : berubah jadi
was / were
∙
Was / were : berubah jadi
had been
∙
Do / did / does : tidak
ditulis lagi
∙
Can / will / must / may /
shall : could / would / had to / might / should
Ex :
D : he
asked mia “do you really love me ?” (present)
I
: he asked mia if she really loved him (past tense)
Ex :
D :
he asked “will you lend me your money?”
I
: hw asked if I would lent him my money
-
Kalau di depan kalimat terdapat kata tanya 8W
+ 1H (what,where,why,who,when,how) , maka ditulis lagi kata tanya nya.
Ex
:
D
: She asked “where are you know ?”
I
: She asked where I was at that time
Ex
:
D
: She asked me “where did you buy the book?”
I
: She asked me where I had bought the book