Senin, 05 Juni 2017

DIRECT AND INDIRECT



DIRECT AND INDIRECT
(KALIMAT LANGSUNG & TIDAK LANGSUNG)

Kalimat langsung biasanya dipergunakan dalam percakapan atau dialog antar subjek pembicara. Sebaliknya, kalimat tidak langsung merupakan laporan dari kalimat langsung yang dibicarakan oleh para subjek.
Ada 3 tipe kalimat :
1.      Command/imperative (kalimat perintah)
Command is someone ask you to do something.
(+) positive command in the indirect you’ve add TO
(-)negative command in the indirect you’ve add NOT TO
Examples :
         Direct    : (+) “Give me your candy”she asked me
Indirect     : she asked me to give her my candy
         Direct    : (-) she ordered me “Don’t be lazy!”
Indirect    : she ordered me not to be lazy


2.      Statement (pernyataan)

 Direct                               Indirect
    Present Tense                       Past Tense
    Present Perfect Tense           Past Perfect Tense
    Past Tense                             Past Perfect Tense
    Present Continous                 Past Continous

    _________________________________________________________________________
             Direct                    Indirect                          
             Modal Present                           Modal Past
Can, may, have to, shall, will             S + could/might/had to/should/would
Ex : mira said “I can speak English well”  ex : mira said that I could speak English well               



         Modal Past                    |    Modal past perfect
Ex : he said I would go home            |    S + modal + have + v3
                        Ex: he said that he would have gone home

-Kata ganti     :
Direct                Indirect
   I                     He / She
 My                  His / Her
Mine                  His / Hers
Me                    Him / Her
You(subject)     I/He/She/Me/Him/Her/Them
You(object)       Me
Your          My
Yours        Mine
We           They
Our           Their
Ours         Theirs
Us            Them

    -Adverb Of Time     :
Direct               Indirect
Now                At that time / Then
Today              At that day
Tonight           At that night
Tomorrow        The next day / The day after
Next week        The week after / The following week
Last week        The week before / The previous week
Yesterday        The day before
2 days ago        The days before
Here                 There
This                 That
These               Those
Last year          The year before
Last night         The night before



3.      Question (pertanyaan)
-          Pertanyaan dengan kata kerja bantu , ditambah IF/Whether ( Do, does, did, is, am, are, was, were, shall, will, can, must, may)
         Is / am / are    : berubah jadi was / were
         Was / were    : berubah jadi had been
         Do / did / does    : tidak ditulis lagi
         Can / will / must / may / shall    : could / would / had to / might / should
Ex :
D : he asked mia “do you really love me ?” (present)
I   : he asked mia if she really loved him (past tense)
Ex :
D  : he asked “will you lend me your money?”
I    : hw asked if I would lent him my money

-          Kalau di depan kalimat terdapat kata tanya 8W + 1H (what,where,why,who,when,how) , maka ditulis lagi kata tanya nya.
Ex  :  
D   : She asked “where are you know ?”
I     : She asked where I was at that time
Ex  :
D   : She asked me “where did you buy the book?”
      I    : She asked me where I had bought the book

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